GREET is an analytical tool used to calculate the energy and environmental impacts of different fuels across their full life cycle. To conduct the emissions analysis, the researchers used Argonne’s Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation model ( GREET ®). They also looked at mixtures of these biobased feedstocks with petroleum-based feedstocks including petroleum, natural gas and coal. The study evaluated costs and emissions of biofuel alternatives including bio-oil and renewable diesel made from wood waste or fats such as used cooking oil. “They are just huge, and they are burning hundreds of millions of tons of thick, tar-like fuel to move freight internationally.” “These engines are multiple stories tall and so large you could climb inside them,” Hawkins said. The vast majority of cargo ships today run on heavy fuel oil, which is cheap and energy dense but very dirty to burn. “Our analysis found biofuels can significantly reduce shipping emissions while remaining cost-effective.” “The push to cut pollutants from shipping is an emerging opportunity for biofuels, but the potential impact has gone relatively unexplored,” said Troy Hawkins, a scientist at DOE’s Argonne National Laboratory who co-led the study, published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology. The IMO recently imposed new fuel standards aimed at reducing emissions of sulfur oxides, requiring lower concentrations of sulfur in shipping fuel. Shipping is also a key source of sulfur oxides and soot or particulate matter emissions, which worsen air quality and have been linked to human health problems. The IMO has set a target to instead cut those emissions by at least half. Without any changes to the status quo, greenhouse gas emissions from shipping in 2050 could be 40% higher than they are today, according to the United Nations’ International Maritime Organization ( IMO). Our analysis found biofuels can significantly reduce shipping emissions while remaining relatively cost-effective.” - Troy Hawkins, Fuels and Products Group Leader at Argonne “The push to cut pollutants from shipping is an emerging opportunity for biofuels, but the potential impact has gone relatively unexplored. Compared with conventional heavy fuel oil, the study found, biomass-based fuel could reduce greenhouse gas emissions between 40 and 93%. Department of Energy ( DOE) and Department of Transportation. Substituting biofuel could reduce the amount of greenhouse gases and other pollutants entering the air from ocean shipping, according to a study from researchers at the U.S. Carbon emissions from ships grew almost 10% between 20, and the industry is a large consumer of petroleum fuel. Marine shipping traffic has grown steadily over the past decade - and so have the associated greenhouse gas emissions.
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